See also:

• Society: Issues: Fraud: Advance Fee Fraud  (49)

The 419 Coalition  home.rica.net/alphae/419coal Devoted to fighting the advance money scam, in which victims are offered millions for allowing an even greater sum to be deposited in their bank account, but end up having their accounts drained or being fooled into advancing fictitious taxes, fees or bribes.

Combating International Crime in Africa  commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa50884.000/hfa50884_0.HTM Text of a 1998 hearing before the U.S. House Committee on International Relations. Discussions relate to Nigerian drug trafficking and fraud networks, as well as to criminal organizations throughout the African continent.

Nigerian Crime  www.fas.org/irp/congress/1996_hr/h960911w.htm Law enforcement official Jonathon Winer's 1996 testimony before a House Subcommittee on the subject of Nigerian transnational criminal enterprises.

Nigerian Crime Network  www.thesocialcontract.com/pdf/three-three/Simcox.pdf Writer David Simcox explains how an African transnational criminal entity takes advantage of American lax security safeguards. [PDF]

Nigerian Scams  www.crimes-of-persuasion.com/Crimes/Business/nigerian.htm Site examines e-mail frauds perpetrated by Nigerian criminal organizations.

Wikipedia: Advance Fee Fraud  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_fee_fraud Article relating to the criminal racket known as the Nigerian Money Transfer Fraud or 419 Scam.