See also:

• Science: Earth Sciences: Atmospheric Sciences: Meteorology  (905)
• Science: Earth Sciences: Paleogeography and Paleoclimatology  (21)
• Science: Environment: Climate Change  (229)

Astronomical Theory of Climate Change  www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/milankovitch.html NOAA Paleoclimatology Program educational material concerning the Milankovitch theory, which explains changes in the seasons as a result of changes in the earth's orbit around the sun.

The International Marine Past Global Change Study  www.images-pages.org IMAGES is an organization investigating the ocean's role in climatic changes during the Late Quaternary, using data from long marine sediment cores.

NOAA Paleoclimatology Program  www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo A central location for paleoclimate data, research, and education.

Paleoclimate and Carbon Dioxide  www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/paleoclimate.htm Examines the climate variation in the pas, and the link with changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Paleoclimate and Climate Change Group  www.es.ucsc.edu/~lcsloan University of California Santa Cruz. Research areas include climate variability, warm climate transitions, Milankovitch forcing of early Cenozoic climates.

USITASE International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition  www2.umaine.edu/USITASE Description, publications, and other scientific contributions from investigations to reconstruct 200 - 2000 years of past climatic and environmental changes in Antarctica, using remote sensing, ice cores, geophysics, and other methods.

The Great Climate Flip-Flop  faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm Atlantic Monthly article reviews the abrupt (less than a decade transition) climate changes of the past, analyzes the role of the Gulf Stream's thermohaline circulation switching modes of operation, and presents three scenarios for the future, including potential methods for stabilizing the flip-flop tendencies. (January, 1998)

A New European Ice Age?  www.naturalscience.com/ns/cover/cover5.html Article about the potential climatic impacts of disruptions in the thermohaline circulation system in the North Atlantic. (November 1, 1997)

Astronomical Theory Offers New Explanation For Ice Age  www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/ice-age-sediments.html Article about research suggesting that cyclical changes in the location of the Earth's orbit causing differing amounts of extraterrestrial debris to come into the atmosphere, and not the Milankovitch theory, explain cycles of glaciation in the last million years. (July 11, 1997)

Remembrance of Things Past: Greenhouse Lesson from the Geologic Record  gcrio.org/CONSEQUENCES/winter96/geoclimate.html 100 million years to recent ice age, by Thomas J. Crowley, a marine geologist and climatogist. (January, 1996)